Natural iron oxides of low and high Fe content were characterized and evaluated to remove arsenic and fluoride from water. These iron oxides were collected from the main iron ore mines in operation in Mexico. Of the six materials evaluated, two effectively interacted with arsenic and fluoride. Adsorption isotherms of both anions adjusted to the Langmuir model, and adsorption kinetics for both anions were slow. The effect of the presence of arsenic in the fluoride adsorption capacity, and vice verse, was evaluated. Moreover, the effect of pH and the presence of coexisting anions in natural water were determined on the adsorption capacity of arsenic and fluoride on natural iron oxides.